Cervical Screening (Smear Test) – What You Need to Know

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Cervical screening, or a smear test, is a free test from the NHS. The test looks for a virus called HPV. This virus is very common and usually harmless, but sometimes it can cause changes in the cells of the cervix (the lower part of the womb). Over time, these changes could lead to cancer.

Cervical screening does not test for cancer. It helps stop cancer from developing.

We know the test might feel worrying. Below, you’ll find more information about smear tests, answers to common questions, and useful links. You can also watch a 25-minute video that explains everything in a clear and simple way.

Watch Our Video

Cervical Screening Webinar

Why is cervical screening important?

Smear tests save lives. They prevent at least 7 out of 10 cervical cancer deaths — and even more if everyone had their test regularly. Smears help find cell changes early, before they turn into cancer.

Who should have a smear test?

All women, trans men, and people with a cervix aged 25 to 64.

You do not need a smear test if you do not have a cervix. This includes people who have had a full hysterectomy (removal of the womb and cervix), and trans women who do not have a cervix.

When should you have a smear test?

You will get a letter when it is time for your test. It is important to attend your smear test regularly:

  • Aged 25 to 49 – invited every 3 years
  • Aged 50 to 64 – invited every 5 years

You do not need smear tests more often than this, as it will not help find problems any sooner.

If you are registered as male or non-binary with the NHS, you will not automatically receive your first invitation. Please contact us before you turn 25 to opt in.

If you have periods, try to book your appointment when you are not bleeding (at least 2 days before or after your bleed).

You do not need to have a smear test if you are pregnant – you will be invited 12 weeks after giving birth.

What happens at the appointment

Your test will be done by a female nurse unless you ask for a male nurse.

You will be offered a chaperone (a trained staff member to stay with you), or you can bring a friend or family member if you prefer.

Before the test, the nurse will ask you some general questions. You can also ask your own questions or talk about any concerns.

The test itself takes just a few minutes. You’ll be asked to undress from the waist down behind a curtain and lie on an exam couch.

The nurse will gently insert a vaginal speculum (a smooth plastic tool with some lubricant) to see your cervix. A soft brush is then used to take a small sample of cells.

The test should not hurt. Tell the nurse if you feel any discomfort — they can stop or make adjustments.

What your results mean

Results take 2 to 6 weeks and will be sent to your home address.

  • If no HPV is found, you will be invited for your next test in 3 or 5 years, depending on your age.
  • If HPV is found, your sample will be checked for cell changes.

Depending on the result, you may need another test in 12 months or a hospital appointment for further checks.

Useful tips

Before your appointment:

  • Ask for the first appointment of the day if you feel anxious waiting.
  • Request a longer appointment if you need more time.
  • Choose a morning, evening or weekend slot to suit your schedule.
  • Plan your travel and arrive early to reduce stress.
  • Wear a skirt or dress if you want to feel more covered.
  • Bring something comforting – music, a magazine, or nicotine gum if you smoke.
  • Take someone you trust to wait with you or be in the room.
  • If you have vaginal dryness, use a moisturiser or gel for 2–3 weeks beforehand. Do not use it in the 2 days before your test.
  • If this doesn’t help, speak to your GP.

During your appointment:

  • Tell the nurse if you’re nervous, or if anything could make the test easier or harder.
  • Try a breathing exercise – like deep breaths in through your nose and out through your mouth.
  • Ask for a smaller speculum if needed.
  • You can insert the speculum yourself with help if that’s more comfortable.

After your appointment:

  • Plan something nice afterwards to help you relax.
  • If you’re worried about results, talk to someone you trust.
  • Remember: an abnormal result does not mean you have cancer.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is this a cancer test?

No. It is not a test for cancer. It checks for HPV and early changes in the cervix to help stop cancer from starting.

I feel fine – do I still need the test?

Yes. The test is for people who feel well. It helps find problems before they cause illness.

I don’t speak English well – can I get help?

Yes. We can book an interpreter and a longer appointment to help.

Does the test hurt?

You may feel the speculum going in and the brush taking the sample. Most people say it’s a little uncomfortable or doesn’t hurt at all.

If it does hurt, you can ask to stop and talk to your nurse about how to make it easier.

Is HPV a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

Yes, HPV can spread through sexual and skin-to-skin contact.

It does not require treatment, and most people will get it at some point without knowing.

I had the HPV vaccine – do I still need a test?

Yes. The vaccine doesn’t protect against all types of HPV.

I am a virgin – do I need a smear?

You can get HPV through oral, vaginal, or anal sex, or skin-to-skin contact.

If you’ve never had any sexual contact, you are unlikely to have HPV — but a smear test still helps check your cervix.

Will I still be a virgin after the test?

Yes. A smear test is a health screen, not a sexual act.

Inserting the speculum may break the hymen, but this can also happen from exercise or tampons.

Can I have a smear if I’m pregnant?

No. You’ll be invited for your test 12 weeks after giving birth.

HPV does not affect pregnancy.

Do I need a smear if I’m married or in a long-term relationship?

Yes. HPV is very common and can be dormant for years.

A positive result does not mean you or your partner has been unfaithful.

Can men be tested for HPV?

There is no routine HPV test for men or trans women.

HPV-related cancers are less common, but anyone with symptoms should see a doctor.

Should I have a smear if I’ve had FGM (female genital mutilation)?

Yes. Speak to the nurse about any concerns.

If the test is not possible at the GP surgery, you may be referred to a specialist clinic for people who have experienced FGM.

Useful Links

Cervical Screening Aware

Eve Appeal – facts and tips for cervical screening

Cancer Research UK – cervical screening

Macmillan Cancer Support – cervical screening

 My Body Back Clinic (Mile End) (cervical smears for people who have experienced sexual violence)

OUTpatients (a list of clinics offering smears for trans or non-binary people)

Croydon support for domestic abuse and sexual violence

Croydon FGM Clinic (support for people who have undergone female genital mutilation)